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- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Physical_Science_for_Educators_(CID%3A_PHYS_14)/08%3A_Energy_Physics_and_Chemistry/8.03%3A_Thermochemical_Equations/8.3.02%3A_Environment-_GasA better estimate may be the Lower Heating Value (LHV) which is adjusted by adding the heat of vaporization of water, and heat required to raise the temperature of reactants to the combustion temperat...A better estimate may be the Lower Heating Value (LHV) which is adjusted by adding the heat of vaporization of water, and heat required to raise the temperature of reactants to the combustion temperature and products to 150 o C (an arbitrarily chosen standard). This is still different from the LHV because of the heat required to change the temperature of the reactants and products from the standard temperature (25 o C) to the combustion temperature.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Physical_Science_for_Educators_(CID%3A_PHYS_14)/09%3A_Motion/9.02%3A_Introduction-_Fundamentals_of_Motion-_Scientific_Overview/9.2.03%3A_Resolving_Vectors_into_ComponentsOne of the methods we can use to add these vectors is to resolve each one into a pair of vectors that lay on the north-south and east-west axes. The two vectors we are to add is a force of 65 N at 30°...One of the methods we can use to add these vectors is to resolve each one into a pair of vectors that lay on the north-south and east-west axes. The two vectors we are to add is a force of 65 N at 30° north of east and a force of 35 N at 60° north of west. Using trigonometry, we can resolve (break down) each of these vectors into a pair of vectors that lay on the axial lines (shown in red above).
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Physical_Science_for_Educators_(CID%3A_PHYS_14)/06%3A_Physical_and_Chemical_Reactions/6.08%3A_Factors_Affecting_Reaction_RatesThe rate of a chemical reaction is affected by several parameters. Reactions involving two phases proceed more rapidly when there is greater surface area contact. If temperature or reactant concentrat...The rate of a chemical reaction is affected by several parameters. Reactions involving two phases proceed more rapidly when there is greater surface area contact. If temperature or reactant concentration is increased, the rate of a given reaction generally increases as well. A catalyst can increase the rate of a reaction by providing an alternative pathway that causes the activation energy of the reaction to decrease.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Physical_Science_for_Educators_(CID%3A_PHYS_14)/08%3A_Energy_Physics_and_Chemistry/8.04%3A_Work_and_Energy/8.4.02%3A_Forms_of_EnergyThat electrical energy moves through wires to homes and businesses where it is used to perform a variety of tasks which all require energy. (In all of these examples, not all of the initial energy is ...That electrical energy moves through wires to homes and businesses where it is used to perform a variety of tasks which all require energy. (In all of these examples, not all of the initial energy is converted into the forms mentioned. Just as we read through our forms of energy looking for examples of position or storage as clues for types of potential energy, we can also read through our forms of energy for examples of movement for types of kinetic energy.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Physical_Science_for_Educators_(CID%3A_PHYS_14)/09%3A_Motion/9.02%3A_Introduction-_Fundamentals_of_Motion-_Scientific_Overview/9.2.01%3A_Scope_of_PhysicsPhysics is the branch of science that studies the physical world, including objects as small as subatomic particles and as large as galaxies. While it is true that many physics classes focus on the eq...Physics is the branch of science that studies the physical world, including objects as small as subatomic particles and as large as galaxies. While it is true that many physics classes focus on the equations, it is important to remember that the purpose of physics is less about the problems and more about using equations, laws, and theories to understand the world we live in.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Physical_Science_for_Educators_(CID%3A_PHYS_14)/12%3A_Magnetism/12.05%3A_Electromagnetism/12.5.04%3A_GeneratorA generator can also produce direct current by using a split ring commutator that changes external connections every half turn of the armature so that even though the current in the coil changes direc...A generator can also produce direct current by using a split ring commutator that changes external connections every half turn of the armature so that even though the current in the coil changes direction, every time the current in the coil changes direction, the external connection switches so that the external current always goes in the same direction.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Physical_Science_for_Educators_(CID%3A_PHYS_14)/12%3A_Magnetism/12.05%3A_Electromagnetism/12.5.05%3A_Lenz's_LawWhen the light bulb is place in the circuit, the circuit is complete and turning the crank will generate a current and light the bulb. If we use the left hand rule on the electron flow, we point our f...When the light bulb is place in the circuit, the circuit is complete and turning the crank will generate a current and light the bulb. If we use the left hand rule on the electron flow, we point our fingers in the direction of the field and our thumb in the direction of electron movement and the palm of our hand indicates the direction of the force – UP !
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Physical_Science_for_Educators_(CID%3A_PHYS_14)/13%3A_Transverse_and_Longitudinal_Waves/13.02%3A_Simple_Harmonic_Motion_and_Oscillations/13.2.01%3A_Anatomy_of_an_OscillationDescribing the fundamentals of oscillations.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Physical_Science_for_Educators_(CID%3A_PHYS_14)/12%3A_Magnetism/12.01%3A_Introduction_and_Learning_ObjectivesUnderstanding the basic concepts of magnetism involves exploring the properties of magnets, the behavior of magnetic poles, and the interactions between them. By connecting these scientific theories t...Understanding the basic concepts of magnetism involves exploring the properties of magnets, the behavior of magnetic poles, and the interactions between them. By connecting these scientific theories to real-world applications in fields like engineering, medicine, and environmental science, educators can foster an appreciation for the pervasive influence of magnetism and inspire the next generation of scientists and engineers.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Physical_Science_for_Educators_(CID%3A_PHYS_14)/12%3A_Magnetism/12.07%3A_End_of_Chapter_Key_TermsTemporary Magnet: A magnet that behaves like a permanent magnet when in the presence of a magnetic field but loses its magnetism when the field is removed. Magnetic Permeability: A measure of how easi...Temporary Magnet: A magnet that behaves like a permanent magnet when in the presence of a magnetic field but loses its magnetism when the field is removed. Magnetic Permeability: A measure of how easily a material can become magnetized, indicating the ability to support the formation of a magnetic field within itself. Faraday's Law of Induction: A law stating that the induced electromotive force (EMF) in a coil is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux through the coil.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Coalinga_College/Physical_Science_for_Educators_(CID%3A_PHYS_14)/03%3A_Atomic_Theory_and_Periodic_Table/3.02%3A_Atoms_and_the_Periodic_Table/3.2.07%3A_Atomic_Mass_and_Atomic_NumberAtoms are the fundamental building blocks of all matter and are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Because atoms are electrically neutral, the number of positively charged protons must be e...Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of all matter and are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Because atoms are electrically neutral, the number of positively charged protons must be equal to the number of negatively charged electrons. Since neutrons do not affect the charge, the number of neutrons is not dependent on the number of protons and will vary even among atoms of the same element.
