12.7: End of Chapter Key Terms
- Page ID
- 96549
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- Magnetism: A physical phenomenon produced by the motion of electric charges, resulting in attractive and repulsive forces between objects.
- Magnet: An object that produces a magnetic field, with a north and south pole.
- Magnetic Field: A field around a magnet where magnetic forces can be detected, represented by field lines.
- Magnetic Pole: One of two ends of a magnet where the magnetic force is strongest; includes the north pole and south pole.
- Magnetic Flux: A measure of the amount of magnetic field passing through a given area, measured in Weber (Wb).
- Magnetic Flux Density: The amount of magnetic flux through a unit area perpendicular to the direction of magnetic flow, measured in Tesla (T).
- Electromagnet: A magnet created by electric current flowing through a coil of wire, often wrapped around a ferromagnetic core.
- Ferromagnetic Material: A material, such as iron, cobalt, or nickel, that can be magnetized because of its high magnetic permeability.
- Permanent Magnet: A magnet that retains its magnetic properties for a long period of time without the need for external power.
- Temporary Magnet: A magnet that behaves like a permanent magnet when in the presence of a magnetic field but loses its magnetism when the field is removed.
- Domain: A region within a ferromagnetic material where the magnetic moments of atoms are aligned in the same direction.
- Curie Temperature: The temperature above which a ferromagnetic material loses its permanent magnetism and becomes paramagnetic.
- Paramagnetic Material: A material that is weakly attracted by a magnetic field and does not retain magnetic properties when the external field is removed.
- Diamagnetic Material: A material that is weakly repelled by a magnetic field and does not retain magnetic properties.
- Magnetic Permeability: A measure of how easily a material can become magnetized, indicating the ability to support the formation of a magnetic field within itself.
- Gauss's Law for Magnetism: A fundamental law stating that the net magnetic flux through a closed surface is zero, indicating that magnetic monopoles do not exist.
- Magnetization: The process of aligning the magnetic moments of a material to produce a magnetic field.
- Hysteresis: The lag between changes in the magnetization of a material and changes in the external magnetic field, often represented by a hysteresis loop.
- Electromagnetic Induction: The process of generating an electric current by changing the magnetic field within a coil of wire.
- Faraday's Law of Induction: A law stating that the induced electromotive force (EMF) in a coil is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux through the coil.
- Lenz's Law: A law stating that the direction of an induced current is such that it opposes the change in magnetic flux that caused it.
- Inductor: A passive electronic component that stores energy in its magnetic field, typically a coil of wire.
- Transformer: A device that uses electromagnetic induction to increase or decrease the voltage of alternating current (AC) in a circuit.
- Magnetic Declination: The angle between geographic north and the direction a compass needle points, varying with location.
- Magnetic Inclination: The angle between the horizontal plane and the Earth's magnetic field lines, varying with latitude.
- Geomagnetic Field: The magnetic field that extends from the Earth's interior into space, protecting the planet from solar wind and cosmic radiation.
- Magnetosphere: The region around Earth dominated by its magnetic field, which deflects charged particles from the solar wind.
- Solenoid: A coil of wire that generates a magnetic field when an electric current passes through it, often used to create uniform magnetic fields.
- Toroid: A donut-shaped coil of wire that generates a magnetic field within the core of the coil when an electric current passes through it.
- Hall Effect: The production of a voltage difference across an electrical conductor when a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the current.
- Magnetic Levitation: The suspension of an object in the air using magnetic forces to counteract gravitational forces.
- Magnetoresistance: The change in electrical resistance of a material in response to an applied magnetic field.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): A medical imaging technique that uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed images of the body.
- Spintronics: A field of technology that exploits the intrinsic spin of electrons and their associated magnetic moment, in addition to their charge.
- Magnetic Recording: The process of storing data by magnetizing a medium, used in devices like hard drives and magnetic tapes.