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- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Optics/BSc_Optics_(Konijnenberg_Adam_and_Urbach)/01%3A_Basic_Electromagnetic_and_Wave_Optics/1.04%3A_Maxwell_Equations_in_MatterOnly in the case of diluted gasses, the influence of the other dipoles in matter can be neglected and the local electric field is simply given by the field emitted by the external source. Similarly, t...Only in the case of diluted gasses, the influence of the other dipoles in matter can be neglected and the local electric field is simply given by the field emitted by the external source. Similarly, the total charge density at the right of (1.2.5) is the sum of ρ p , ρ c and a given external charge density ρ ext . The latter is linked to the external current density by the law of conservation of charge (1.2.2).
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Optics/BSc_Optics_(Konijnenberg_Adam_and_Urbach)/02%3A_Geometrical_Optics
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Optics/BSc_Optics_(Konijnenberg_Adam_and_Urbach)/02%3A_Geometrical_Optics/2.04%3A_Some_Consequences_of_Fermats_PrincipleLet the x-axis be the intersection of the mirror and the plane through the points P and Q and perpendicular to the mirror. Let (x P , y P ) and (x Q , y Q ) with y P > 0 and y Q < 0 be the coordinates...Let the x-axis be the intersection of the mirror and the plane through the points P and Q and perpendicular to the mirror. Let (x P , y P ) and (x Q , y Q ) with y P > 0 and y Q < 0 be the coordinates of two points P and Q are shown in Figure \PageIndex3. where θ_i and θ_t are the angles between the ray and the normal to the surface in the upper half space and the lower half space, respectively (\PageIndex{3}).
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Optics/BSc_Optics_(Konijnenberg_Adam_and_Urbach)/01%3A_Basic_Electromagnetic_and_Wave_Optics/1.09%3A_Time-Averaged_EnergyThe average of the product of two time-harmonic quantities over a long time interval compared with the period, is half the real part of the product of the complex amplitude of one quantity and the com...The average of the product of two time-harmonic quantities over a long time interval compared with the period, is half the real part of the product of the complex amplitude of one quantity and the complex conjugate of the other. The length of vector (\PageIndex{8}) is the time-averaged flow of energy per unit of area in the direction of the plane wave and is commonly called the intensity of the wave.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Optics/BSc_Optics_(Konijnenberg_Adam_and_Urbach)/02%3A_Geometrical_Optics/2.06%3A_Gaussian_Geometrical_OpticsThe intermediate image P' is a real image for L 1 obtained as the intersection of rays 2 and 3 passing through the object and image focal points F 1o and F 1i of lens L 1 . P' is now a virtual object ...The intermediate image P' is a real image for L 1 obtained as the intersection of rays 2 and 3 passing through the object and image focal points F 1o and F 1i of lens L 1 . P' is now a virtual object point for lens L 2 . To find its image by L 2 , draw ray 4 from P' through the centre of lens L 2 back to S (this ray is refracted by lens L 1 but not by L 2 ) and draw ray 3 as refracted by lens L 2 . Since ray 3 is parallel to the optical axis between the lenses, it passes through the back focal …
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Optics/BSc_Optics_(Konijnenberg_Adam_and_Urbach)/01%3A_Basic_Electromagnetic_and_Wave_Optics/1.11%3A_Fiber_OpticsThe part of the light inside the fiber that strikes the cylinder surface at an angle with the normal that is larger than the critical angle of total reflection will be totally reflected. Abraham van H...The part of the light inside the fiber that strikes the cylinder surface at an angle with the normal that is larger than the critical angle of total reflection will be totally reflected. Abraham van Heel, professor of optics at Delft University of Technology, showed for the first time in a paper published in Nature in 1954 that by packing thousands of fibers into a cable, images can be transferred, even if the bundle is bent (Figure \PageIndex{2} right).
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Optics/BSc_Optics_(Konijnenberg_Adam_and_Urbach)/03%3A_Optical_Instruments
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Optics/BSc_Optics_(Konijnenberg_Adam_and_Urbach)/05%3A_Interference_and_coherence
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Optics/BSc_Optics_(Konijnenberg_Adam_and_Urbach)/zz%3A_Back_Matter
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Optics/BSc_Optics_(Konijnenberg_Adam_and_Urbach)/02%3A_Geometrical_Optics/2.01%3A_What_You_Should_Know_and_be_able_to_do_After_Studying_This_ChapterKnow how to work with the sign convention of the Lens Maker’s Formula (not the derivation of the formula). Understand how the Lens Maker’s Formula of a single lens follows from the formula for a singl...Know how to work with the sign convention of the Lens Maker’s Formula (not the derivation of the formula). Understand how the Lens Maker’s Formula of a single lens follows from the formula for a single interface. Understand how the image of two and more lenses is derived from that of a single lens by construction and by computing the intermediate images. You do not need to know the imaging equation and the formulae for the focal distances of two thin lenses.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Optics/BSc_Optics_(Konijnenberg_Adam_and_Urbach)/01%3A_Basic_Electromagnetic_and_Wave_Optics/1.06%3A_Time-Harmonic_Solutions_of_the_Wave_EquationSince the local flux of energy is proportional to the square A 2 /r 2 , the total flux through the surface of any sphere with centre the origin is independent of the radius of the sphere. For an obser...Since the local flux of energy is proportional to the square A 2 /r 2 , the total flux through the surface of any sphere with centre the origin is independent of the radius of the sphere. For an observer who is at a large distance from the source, the spherical wave looks like a plane wave which propagates from the source towards the observer (or in the opposite direction, if there is a sink).
