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- https://phys.libretexts.org/Under_Construction/Purgatory/2%3A_Applying_Models_to_Mechanical_Phenomena/2.1%3A_Where_Are_We_Headed%3FAs you begin the activities of this chapter in your discussion/lab, you might be tempted to ask, “How many kinds of energy can there be?” The answer is simple and reassuring: there are only two fundam...As you begin the activities of this chapter in your discussion/lab, you might be tempted to ask, “How many kinds of energy can there be?” The answer is simple and reassuring: there are only two fundamental kinds: these are energies that depend on the square of the speed of a particle or object (kinetic energy, abbreviated KE) and energies that depend on the positions or configurations of particles or objects (potential energy, abbreviated PE).
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Davis/UCD%3A_Physics_7A_-_General_Physics/02%3A_Applying_Models_to_Mechanical_Phenomena/2.01%3A_Where_Are_We_HeadedIn this second chapter we continue to work with the Energy-Interaction Model. We add all kinds of mechanical interactions to the thermal interactions we treated in Chapter 1. The term term “mechanical...In this second chapter we continue to work with the Energy-Interaction Model. We add all kinds of mechanical interactions to the thermal interactions we treated in Chapter 1. The term term “mechanical” is typically used to imply everything other than thermal. We introduce the Intro Spring-Mass Oscillator Model in this chapter as an application of the Energy-Interaction Model. The Spring-Mass Oscillator Model will also play an important role in Chapter 3 for the particle model of matter.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Davis/UCD%3A_Physics_7A_-_General_Physics/04%3A_Models_of_Thermodynamics
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Under_Construction/Purgatory/2%3A_Applying_Models_to_Mechanical_Phenomena/2.4%3A_Harmonic_Oscillator_ModelThe force with which a spring pulls back when stretched (or pushes back when compressed) is proportional to the amount of stretch from equilibrium, provided the spring is not stretched too far. (Histo...The force with which a spring pulls back when stretched (or pushes back when compressed) is proportional to the amount of stretch from equilibrium, provided the spring is not stretched too far. (Historically, this linear proportionality between the force and amount of stretch is referred to as Hooke’s law behavior.) We write the force with which the spring pulls back (the restoring force) as
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Davis/UCD%3A_Physics_7A_-_General_Physics/01%3A_Applying_Models_to_Thermal_Phenomena/1.01%3A_Where_are_we_HeadedThe Energy-Interaction Model tells us what is energy, how is it conserved, and how is it transferred. We will see that by applying the Energy-Interaction Model to seemingly very strange thermal phenom...The Energy-Interaction Model tells us what is energy, how is it conserved, and how is it transferred. We will see that by applying the Energy-Interaction Model to seemingly very strange thermal phenomena, we can make sense of them, we can explain what is going on, and we can answer all kinds of questions about the phenomena. In this Chapter we will apply Energy-Interaction Model to substances going through temperature changes or phase changes and to several chemical reactions.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Under_Construction/Purgatory/2%3A_Applying_Models_to_Mechanical_Phenomena/2.6%3A_Which_Energy_Types_Are_Fundamental%3FAn energy that depends only on the relative positions of the particles (objects), and not on their past history (the path they took) or on their speeds, is called a potential energy. “Positional energ...An energy that depends only on the relative positions of the particles (objects), and not on their past history (the path they took) or on their speeds, is called a potential energy. “Positional energy” is a more descriptive word, but for historical reasons, these are labeled potential energy. The elastic energy of a spring is a potential energy because it depends only on the positions of the elements of the spring, not on their speeds.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Under_Construction/Purgatory/2%3A_Applying_Models_to_Mechanical_Phenomena/2.2_ForceWe can apply the Energy-Interaction Model used in Chapter 1 to mechanical energy-systems as well as to thermal and bond energy-systems. Mechanical interactions obey the same rules and can be understoo...We can apply the Energy-Interaction Model used in Chapter 1 to mechanical energy-systems as well as to thermal and bond energy-systems. Mechanical interactions obey the same rules and can be understood in the same way as the interactions we studied in Chapter 1. Because energy conservation still holds, regardless of the kind of interaction, energy-system diagrams prove to be just as useful in describing the interactions that take place as a ball falls.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Davis/UCD%3A_Physics_7A_-_General_Physics/01%3A_Applying_Models_to_Thermal_Phenomena/1.04%3A_Working_With_the_Energy-Interaction_ModelSome examples are presented using the Energy-Interaction Model and the Three-Phase Model of Pure Substances to explain behavior of pure substance and chemical reactions. A tool, called Energy-Interac...Some examples are presented using the Energy-Interaction Model and the Three-Phase Model of Pure Substances to explain behavior of pure substance and chemical reactions. A tool, called Energy-Interaction Diagrams, is used as a helpful guide of applying these models.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_California_Davis/UCD%3A_Physics_7A_-_General_Physics/02%3A_Applying_Models_to_Mechanical_Phenomena/2.02%3A_ForceIn Chapter 1 we focused on transfers of energy due to heat. In this Chapter, we will focus on transfers of energy due to work. In order, to understand work, we need to understand the basics of force...In Chapter 1 we focused on transfers of energy due to heat. In this Chapter, we will focus on transfers of energy due to work. In order, to understand work, we need to understand the basics of force.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Under_Construction/Purgatory/1%3A_Applying_Models_to_Thermal_Phenomena/1.0%3A_Where_are_we_Headed%3FWe will see that by applying the Energy-Interaction Model to these seemingly very strange thermal phenomena, we can make sense of them, we can explain what is going on, and we can answer all kinds of ...We will see that by applying the Energy-Interaction Model to these seemingly very strange thermal phenomena, we can make sense of them, we can explain what is going on, and we can answer all kinds of questions about the phenomena (including some seemingly hard questions on exams). To see the universal applicability of the Energy-Interaction Model, we will also apply this model to several chemical reactions.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Under_Construction/Purgatory/2%3A_Applying_Models_to_Mechanical_Phenomena/2.7%3A_Examples_of_ModelsWithout knowing more details about how the ball was thrown, all we can say is that the work done by the pitcher's arm on the baseball equals the total change in energies of all other energy-systems of...Without knowing more details about how the ball was thrown, all we can say is that the work done by the pitcher's arm on the baseball equals the total change in energies of all other energy-systems of the ball. So, if we knew how fast the ball was thrown (which gives us ∆KE), we can determine a value for the force exerted on the ball by the pitcher by making a reasonable estimate for the distance ∆x.
