$$\require{cancel}$$

15.1. 10 ms

15.2. a. $$\displaystyle (20V)sin200πt,(0.20A)sin200πt$$;

b. $$\displaystyle (20V)sin200πt,(0.13A)sin(200πt+π/2)$$;

c. $$\displaystyle (20V)sin200πt,(2.1A)sin(200πt−π/2)$$

15.3. $$\displaystyle v_R=(V_0R/Z)sin(ωt−ϕ);v_C=(V_0X_C/Z)sin(ωt−ϕ+π/2)=−(V_0X_C/Z)cos(ωt−ϕ);v_L=(V_0X_L/Z)sin(ωt−ϕ+π/2)=(V_0X_L/Z)cos(ωt−ϕ)$$

15.4. $$\displaystyle v(t)=(10.0V)sin90πt$$

15.5. 2.00 V; 10.01 V; 8.01 V

15.6. a. 160 Hz;

b. $$\displaystyle 40Ω$$;

c. $$\displaystyle (0.25A)sin10^3t$$;

15.7. a. halved;

b. halved;

c. same

15.8. $$\displaystyle v(t)=(0.14V)sin(4.0×10^2t)$$

15.9. a. 12:1;

b. 0.042 A;

c. $$\displaystyle 2.6×10^3Ω$$

## Conceptual Questions

1. Angular frequency is $$\displaystyle 2π$$ times frequency.

3. yes for both

5. The instantaneous power is the power at a given instant. The average power is the power averaged over a cycle or number of cycles.

7. The instantaneous power can be negative, but the power output can’t be negative.

9. There is less thermal loss if the transmission lines operate at low currents and high voltages.

11. The adapter has a step-down transformer to have a lower voltage and possibly higher current at which the device can operate.

13. so each loop can experience the same changing magnetic flux

## Problems

15. a. $$\displaystyle 530Ω$$;

b. $$\displaystyle 53Ω$$;

c. $$\displaystyle 5.3Ω$$

17. a. $$\displaystyle 1.9Ω$$;

b. $$\displaystyle 19Ω$$;

c. $$\displaystyle 190Ω$$

19. 360 Hz

21. $$\displaystyle i(t)=(3.2A)sin(120πt)$$

23. a. $$\displaystyle 38Ω$$;

b. $$\displaystyle i(t)=(4.24A)sin(120πt−π/2)$$

25. a. $$\displaystyle 770Ω$$;

b. 0.16 A;

c. $$\displaystyle I=(0.16A)cos(120πt)$$;

d. $$\displaystyle v_R=120cos(120πt); v_C=120cos(120πt−π/2)$$

27. a. $$\displaystyle 690Ω$$;

b. 0.15 A;

c. $$\displaystyle I=(0.15A)sin(1000πt−0.753)$$;

d. $$\displaystyle 1100Ω$$, 0.092 A, $$\displaystyle I=(0.092A)sin(1000πt+1.09)$$

29. a. $$\displaystyle 5.7Ω$$;

b. $$\displaystyle 29°$$;

c. $$\displaystyle I​=(30.A)cos(120πt)$$

31. a. 0.89 A;

b. 5.6A;

c. 1.4 A

33. a. 7.3 W;

b. 6.3 W

35. a. inductor;

b. $$\displaystyle XL=52Ω$$

37. $$\displaystyle 1.3×10^{−7}F$$

39. a. 820 Hz;

b. 7.8

41. a. 50 Hz;

b. 50 W;

c. 13;

43. The reactance of the capacitor is larger than the reactance of the inductor because the current leads the voltage. The power usage is 30 W.

45. a. 45:1;

b. 0.68 A, 0.015 A;

c. $$\displaystyle 160Ω$$

47. a. 41 turns;

b. 40.9 mA

49. a. $$\displaystyle i(t)=(1.26A)sin(200πt+π/2)$$;

b. $$\displaystyle i(t)=(12.6A)sin(200πt−π/2)$$;

c. $$\displaystyle i(t)=(2A)sin(200πt)$$

51. a. $$\displaystyle 2.5×10^3Ω,3.6×10^{−3}A$$;

b. $$\displaystyle 7.5Ω,1.2A$$

53. a. 19 A;

b. inductor leads by $$\displaystyle 90°$$

55. $$\displaystyle 11.7Ω$$

57. 36 W

59. a. $$\displaystyle 5.9×10^4W$$;

b. $$\displaystyle 1.64×10^{11}W$$

## Challenge Problems

61. a. 335 MV;

b. the result is way too high, well beyond the breakdown voltage of air over reasonable distances;

c. the input voltage is too high

63. a. $$\displaystyle 20Ω$$;

b. 0.5 A;

c. $$\displaystyle 5.4°$$, lagging;

d. $$\displaystyle V_R=(9.96V)cos(250πt+5.4°),V_C=(12.7V)cos(250πt+5.4°−90°),V_L=(11.8V)cos(250πt+5.4°+90°),V_{source}=(10.0​V)cos(250πt);$$;

e. 0.995;

f. 6.25 J

65. a. $$\displaystyle 0.75Ω$$;

b. $$\displaystyle 7.5Ω$$;

c. $$\displaystyle 0.75Ω$$;

d. $$\displaystyle 7.5Ω$$;

e. $$\displaystyle 1.3Ω$$;

f. $$\displaystyle 0.13Ω$$

67. The units as written for inductive reactance Equation 15.8 are $$\displaystyle \frac{rad}{s}$$H. Radians can be ignored in unit analysis. The Henry can be defined as $$\displaystyle H=\frac{V⋅s}{A}=Ω⋅s$$. Combining these together results in a unit of $$\displaystyle Ω$$ for reactance.

69. a. 156 V;

b. 42 V;

c. 154 V

71. a. $$\displaystyle \frac{v_{out}}{v_{in}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+1/ω^2R^2C^2}}$$ and $$\displaystyle \frac{v_{out}}{v_{in}}=\frac{ωL}{\sqrt{R^2+ω^2L^2}}; b. \(\displaystyle v_{out}≈v_{in}$$ and $$\displaystyle v_{out}≈0$$

## Contributors

Paul Peter Urone (Professor Emeritus at California State University, Sacramento) and Roger Hinrichs (State University of New York, College at Oswego) with Contributing Authors: Kim Dirks (University of Auckland) and Manjula Sharma (University of Sydney). This work is licensed by OpenStax University Physics under a Creative Commons Attribution License (by 4.0).