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66.12: Physical Constants

Last updated

Aug 8, 2024
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- 66.11: Units of Physical Quantities
- 66.13: Astronomical Data

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Table $\PageIndex{1}$ . Fundamental physical constants (CODATA 2018).

Description	Symbol	Value
Speed of light (vacuum)	$\mathrm{c }$	$2.99792458 \times 10^8 \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}$
Gravitational constant	$\mathrm{G }$	$6.67430 \times 10^{-11} \mathrm{~m}^3 \mathrm{~kg}^{-1} \mathrm{s}^{-2}$
Elementary charge\(	$\mathrm{e }$	$1.602176634 \times 10^{-19} \mathrm{C}$
Permittivity of free space	$\varepsilon_0$	$8.8541878128 \times 10^{-12} \mathrm{F} / \mathrm{m}$
Permeability of free space	$\mu_{0 }$	$1.2566370621210^{-6} \mathrm{N} / \mathrm{A}^2$
Coulomb constant \left(1 /\left(4 \pi \varepsilon_0\right)\right)	$\mathrm{k_c }$	$8.9875517923 \times 10^9 \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{F}$
Electron mass	$\mathrm{m_e }$	$9.1093837015 \times 10^{-31} \mathrm{kg}$
Proton mass	$\mathrm{m_p }$	$1.67262192369 \times 10^{-27} \mathrm{kg}$
Neutron mass	$\mathrm{m_n }$	$1.67492749804 \times 10^{-27} \mathrm{kg}$
Atomic mass unit (\mathrm{amu})	$\mathrm{u }$	$1.66053906660 \times 10^{-27} \mathrm{kg}$
Planck constant	$\mathrm{h }$	$6.62607015 \times 10^{-34} \mathrm{J}$ \mathrm{s}
Planck constant \div 2 \pi	$\hbar$	$1.0545718176461564 \times 10^{-34} \mathrm{~J} \mathrm{s}$
Boltzmann constant	$\mathrm{k_B }$	$1.380649 \times 10^{-23} \mathrm{J} / \mathrm{K}$
Avogadro constant	$\mathrm{N_A }$	$6.02214076 \times 10^{23} \mathrm{mol}^{-1}$

Table $\PageIndex{2}$ . Other physical constants.

Description	Symbol	Value
Acceleration due to gravity at Earth surface	$\mathrm{g }$	$9.80 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^2$
Radius of the Earth (eq.)	$R_{\oplus}$	$6378.140 \mathrm{~km}$
Mass of the Earth	$R_{\oplus}$	$5.97320 \times 10^{24} \mathrm{~kg}$
Earth gravity constant	$G \; M_{\oplus}$	$3.986005 \times 10^{14} \mathrm{~m}^3 \mathrm{~s}^{-2}$
Speed of sound in air \left(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)	$v_{\text {snd }}$	$343 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$
Density of air (sea level)	$\rho_{\text {air }}$	$1.29 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{m}^3$
Density of water	$\rho_{\mathrm{w}}$	$1 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^3=1000 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{m}^3$
Index of refraction of water	$n_{\mathrm{W}}$	$1.33$
Resistivity of copper $\left(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)$	$\rho_{\mathrm{Cu}}$	$1.68 \times 10^{-8} \Omega \mathrm{m}$

Table 66.12.1\PageIndex{1}. Fundamental physical constants (CODATA 2018).

Table 66.12.2\PageIndex{2}. Other physical constants.

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Table $\PageIndex{1}$ . Fundamental physical constants (CODATA 2018).

Table $\PageIndex{2}$ . Other physical constants.