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- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Kettering_University/Electricity_and_Magnetism_with_Applications_to_Amateur_Radio_and_Wireless_Technology/16%3A_Direct_Calculation_of_Electrical_Quantities_from_Charge_Distributions/16.05%3A_Direct_Calculation_of_Electrical_Quantities_from_Charge_Distributions_(Summary)amount of charge in an element of a charge distribution that is essentially one-dimensional (the width and height are much, much smaller than its length); its units are C/m amount of charge in an elem...amount of charge in an element of a charge distribution that is essentially one-dimensional (the width and height are much, much smaller than its length); its units are C/m amount of charge in an element of a two-dimensional charge distribution (the thickness is small); its units are \(\displaystyle C/m^2\) The net field is the vector sum of the external field plus the field of the dipole (physical or induced).
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Kettering_University/Electricity_and_Magnetism_with_Applications_to_Amateur_Radio_and_Wireless_Technology/03%3A_The_Electric_Potential/3.05%3A_Electric_PotentialElectric potential is potential energy per unit charge. The potential difference between points A and B, that is, the change in potential of a charge q moved from A to B, is equal to the change in pot...Electric potential is potential energy per unit charge. The potential difference between points A and B, that is, the change in potential of a charge q moved from A to B, is equal to the change in potential energy divided by the charge. Potential difference is commonly called voltage, represented by the symbol ΔV.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Kettering_University/Electricity_and_Magnetism_with_Applications_to_Amateur_Radio_and_Wireless_Technology/04%3A_Potential_and_Field_Relationships/4.05%3A_Applications_of_Electric_Potential_and_Conductors_in_Electrostatic_EquilibriumThis section describes some practical applications of conductors including grounding and bonding, lightning rods, and electrical screening (Faraday cage), and their implications for electrical safety.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Kettering_University/Electricity_and_Magnetism_with_Applications_to_Amateur_Radio_and_Wireless_Technology/06%3A_Direct-Current_(DC)_Resistor_Circuits/6.09%3A_Direct-Current_Circuits_(Summary)resistance of a combination of resistors; it can be thought of as the resistance of a single resistor that can replace a combination of resistors in a series and/or parallel circuit The voltage output...resistance of a combination of resistors; it can be thought of as the resistance of a single resistor that can replace a combination of resistors in a series and/or parallel circuit The voltage output of a device is called its terminal voltage \(V_{terminal}\) and is given by \(V_{terminal}=ε−Ir\), where I is the electric current and is positive when flowing away from the positive terminal of the voltage source and r is the internal resistance.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Kettering_University/Electricity_and_Magnetism_with_Applications_to_Amateur_Radio_and_Wireless_Technology/07%3A_Capacitance/7.08%3A_Application_-_RC_Circuits_with_ACIn this section, we study simple models of ac voltage sources connected to two circuit components: (1) a resistor and (2) a capacitor.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Kettering_University/Electricity_and_Magnetism_with_Applications_to_Amateur_Radio_and_Wireless_Technology/12%3A_Antenna_Systems/12.07%3A_Antenna_Systems_(Summary)a wave, such as an electromagnetic wave, which oscillates perpendicular to the axis along the line of travel Since the electric and magnetic fields in most electromagnetic waves are perpendicular to t...a wave, such as an electromagnetic wave, which oscillates perpendicular to the axis along the line of travel Since the electric and magnetic fields in most electromagnetic waves are perpendicular to the direction in which the wave moves, it is ordinarily a transverse wave. The strengths of the electric and magnetic parts of the wave are related by \[\frac{E}{B} = c, \nonumber\] which implies that the magnetic field \(B\) is very weak relative to the electric field \(E\).
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Kettering_University/Electricity_and_Magnetism_with_Applications_to_Amateur_Radio_and_Wireless_Technology/03%3A_The_Electric_Potential/3.01%3A_IntroductionThis section provides an introduction to an energy-based approach to electrical phenomena, including the concepts of electric potential energy and electric potential (voltage).
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Kettering_University/Electricity_and_Magnetism_with_Applications_to_Amateur_Radio_and_Wireless_Technology/04%3A_Potential_and_Field_Relationships/4.03%3A_Equipotential_Curves_and_SurfacesWe can represent electric potentials pictorially, just as we drew pictures to illustrate electric fields. This is not surprising, since the two concepts are related. We use arrows to represent the mag...We can represent electric potentials pictorially, just as we drew pictures to illustrate electric fields. This is not surprising, since the two concepts are related. We use arrows to represent the magnitude and direction of the electric field, and we use green lines to represent places where the electric potential is constant. These are called equipotential surfaces in three dimensions, or equipotential lines in two dimensions.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Kettering_University/Electricity_and_Magnetism_with_Applications_to_Amateur_Radio_and_Wireless_Technology/02%3A_The_Electric_Field/2.05%3A_Electric_Fields_and_Forces_with_Multiple_ChargesExperiments with electric charges have shown that if two objects each have electric charge, then they exert an electric force on each other. The magnitude of the force is linearly proportional to the ...Experiments with electric charges have shown that if two objects each have electric charge, then they exert an electric force on each other. The magnitude of the force is linearly proportional to the net charge on each object and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. (Interestingly, the force does not depend on the mass of the objects.) The direction of the force vector is along the imaginary line joining the two objects and is dictated by the signs of the charges.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Kettering_University/Electricity_and_Magnetism_with_Applications_to_Amateur_Radio_and_Wireless_Technology/13%3A_Propagation_of_Electromagnetic_Waves/13.07%3A_Interference_of_WavesSuperposition is the combination of two waves at the same location. Constructive interference occurs from the superposition of two identical waves that are in phase. Destructive interference occurs fr...Superposition is the combination of two waves at the same location. Constructive interference occurs from the superposition of two identical waves that are in phase. Destructive interference occurs from the superposition of two identical waves that are 180° out of phase. The wave that results from the superposition of two sine waves that differ only by a phase shift is a wave with an amplitude that depends on the value of the phase difference.
- https://phys.libretexts.org/Courses/Kettering_University/Electricity_and_Magnetism_with_Applications_to_Amateur_Radio_and_Wireless_Technology/11%3A_Electromagnetic_Waves/11.06%3A_Electromagnetic_Waves_(Summary)extremely high frequency electromagnetic radiation emitted by the nucleus of an atom, either from natural nuclear decay or induced nuclear processes in nuclear reactors and weapons; the lower end of t...extremely high frequency electromagnetic radiation emitted by the nucleus of an atom, either from natural nuclear decay or induced nuclear processes in nuclear reactors and weapons; the lower end of the \(\displaystyle γ\) -ray frequency range overlaps the upper end of the X-ray range, but \(\displaystyle γ\) rays can have the highest frequency of any electromagnetic radiation
