9.3: Block Spin Transformation
( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)
\( \newcommand\Dalpha
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[1], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Dbeta
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[2], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Dgamma
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[3], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Ddelta
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[4], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Depsilon
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[5], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Dvarepsilon
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[6], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Dzeta
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[7], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Deta
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[8], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Dtheta
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[9], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Dvartheta
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[10], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Diota
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[11], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Dkappa
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[12], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Dlambda
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[13], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Dvarpi
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[14], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\DGamma
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[15], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\DDelta
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[16], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\DTheta
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[17], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Vmu
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[18], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Vnu
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[19], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Vxi
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[20], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Vom
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[21], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Vpi
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[22], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Vvarpi
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[23], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Vrho
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[24], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Vvarrho
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[25], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Vsigma
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[26], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Vvarsigma
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[27], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Vtau
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[28], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Vupsilon
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[29], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Vphi
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[30], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Vvarphi
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[31], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Vchi
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[32], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Vpsi
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[33], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\Vomega
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[34], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\VGamma
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[35], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\VDelta
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/p[1]/span[36], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\newcommand\BI{\mib I}}
\)
\newcommand { M}
\newcommand { m}
}
\( \newcommand\tcb{\textcolor{blue}\)
\( \newcommand\tcr{\textcolor{red}\)
1$#1_$
\newcommand\SZ{\textsf Z}} \( \newcommand\kFd{k\ns_{\RF\dar}\)
\newcommand\mutB{\tilde\mu}\ns_\ssr{B}
\( \newcommand\xhihOZ
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/span[1], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
\( \newcommand\labar
Callstack: at (Template:MathJaxArovas), /content/body/div/span[2], line 1, column 1 at template() at (Bookshelves/Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics/Book:_Thermodynamics_and_Statistical_Mechanics_(Arovas)/09:_Renormalization/9.03:_Block_Spin_Transformation), /content/body/p[1]/span, line 1, column 23
Spin blocking refers to a process in which we replace a group of spins by a single spin whose direction is determined by ‘majority rule’. That is, if most of the spins in the group are up, then the block spin is said to be up; if most spins are down, then the block spin is down. The block spins interact with a different set of couplings \{K'_\alpha\}.
Consider a b\times b\times\cdots\times b block of spins, and define the block spin projector, \CT\big(\sigma'_a\,,\,\{\sigma\ns_i\}\big)=\begin{cases} 1 & \hbox{of $\sigma'_a={sgn}\left(\sum_{i=1}^{b^d}\sigma\ns_{a,i}\right)$}\\ 0 & \hbox{otherwise}\ . \end{cases} Note that \sum_{\sigma\ns_a}\,\CT\big(\sigma'_a\,,\,\{\sigma\ns_{a,i}\}\big)=1 \ . Here a indexes the blocks, and \sigma\ns_{a,i} denotes the i^{th} spin within the a^{th} block. The block spin projector effects the ‘majority rule’ operation, assigning \sigma'_a to \pm 1 depending on whether the majority of the spins in the block a are up (\sigma'_a=+1) or down (\sigma'_a=-1). Note that such a procedure presumes an odd number of spins in each block. Then \begin{aligned} Z&=\sum_{\{\sigma\ns_i\}}e^{-\beta\HH[\{\sigma\ns_i\}]}\nonumber\\ &=\sum_{\{\sigma'_a\}}\left\{\sum_{\{\sigma\ns_i\}} e^{-\beta\HH[\{\sigma\ns_{a.i}\}]}\prod_a\CT\big(\sigma'_a\,,\,\{\sigma\ns_{a,i}\}\big)\right\}\nonumber\\ &=\sum_{\{\sigma'_a\}}e^{-\beta \HH'[\{\sigma'_a\}]}\ ,\end{aligned} where e^{-\beta \HH'[\{\sigma'_a\}]}=\sum_{\{\sigma\ns_i\}} e^{-\beta\HH[\{\sigma\ns_i\}]} \prod_a \CT\big(\sigma'_a\,,\,\{\sigma\ns_{a,i}\}\big)\ .