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9.3: Block Spin Transformation

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\newcommand\SZ{\textsf Z}} \( \newcommand\kFd{k\ns_{\RF\dar}\)

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Spin blocking refers to a process in which we replace a group of spins by a single spin whose direction is determined by ‘majority rule’. That is, if most of the spins in the group are up, then the block spin is said to be up; if most spins are down, then the block spin is down. The block spins interact with a different set of couplings \{K'_\alpha\}.

Consider a b\times b\times\cdots\times b block of spins, and define the block spin projector, \CT\big(\sigma'_a\,,\,\{\sigma\ns_i\}\big)=\begin{cases} 1 & \hbox{of $\sigma'_a={sgn}\left(\sum_{i=1}^{b^d}\sigma\ns_{a,i}\right)$}\\ 0 & \hbox{otherwise}\ . \end{cases} Note that \sum_{\sigma\ns_a}\,\CT\big(\sigma'_a\,,\,\{\sigma\ns_{a,i}\}\big)=1 \ . Here a indexes the blocks, and \sigma\ns_{a,i} denotes the i^{th} spin within the a^{th} block. The block spin projector effects the ‘majority rule’ operation, assigning \sigma'_a to \pm 1 depending on whether the majority of the spins in the block a are up (\sigma'_a=+1) or down (\sigma'_a=-1). Note that such a procedure presumes an odd number of spins in each block. Then \begin{aligned} Z&=\sum_{\{\sigma\ns_i\}}e^{-\beta\HH[\{\sigma\ns_i\}]}\nonumber\\ &=\sum_{\{\sigma'_a\}}\left\{\sum_{\{\sigma\ns_i\}} e^{-\beta\HH[\{\sigma\ns_{a.i}\}]}\prod_a\CT\big(\sigma'_a\,,\,\{\sigma\ns_{a,i}\}\big)\right\}\nonumber\\ &=\sum_{\{\sigma'_a\}}e^{-\beta \HH'[\{\sigma'_a\}]}\ ,\end{aligned} where e^{-\beta \HH'[\{\sigma'_a\}]}=\sum_{\{\sigma\ns_i\}} e^{-\beta\HH[\{\sigma\ns_i\}]} \prod_a \CT\big(\sigma'_a\,,\,\{\sigma\ns_{a,i}\}\big)\ .


This page titled 9.3: Block Spin Transformation is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Daniel Arovas.

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