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19: Covalent Bonding

Last updated

Sep 18, 2024
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- 18.8: Metallic Bonding
- 19.1: Coordinate Covalent Bond

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Molecules are groups of atoms that behave as a single unit. Some elements exist as molecules: hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and so forth. There are rules that can express a unique name for any given molecule, and a unique formula for any given name.

19.1: Coordinate Covalent Bond
Each of the covalent bonds that we have looked at so far has involved each of the atoms that are bonding contributing one of the electrons to the shared pair. There is an alternate type of covalent bond in which one of the atoms provided both of the electrons in a shared pair.
19.2: Covalent Bonding in Polyatomic Ions
Lewis structures for polyatomic ions follow the same rules as those for other covalent compounds.
19.3: Resonance
Resonance is the use of two or more Lewis structures to represent the covalent bonding in a molecule. One of the valid structures is referred to as a resonance structure. It is now understood that the true structure of a molecule which displays resonance is that of an average or a hybrid of all the resonance structures.
19.4: Exceptions to the Octet Rule
Every spring, millions of Americans file their income tax forms. The different rules determine how much tax a person pays. There are also exceptions to the rules. You pay less tax if you are married and/or have children. There are certain limits on how much money you can make before paying taxes. The rule is that you pay taxes, but there are also exceptions based on your personal situation. The bonding rules for molecules are generally applicable, but there are some exceptions allowed.
19.5: Bond Energy
19.6: VSEPR Theory
19.7: Molecular Shapes- No Lone Pairs on Central Atoms
19.8: Molecular Shapes - Lone Pair(s) on Central Atom
19.9: Van der Waals Forces
19.10: Hydrogen Bonding
19.11: Physical Properties and Intermolecular Forces
19.12: Valence Bond Theory
19.13: Hybrid Orbitals - sp³
19.14: Hybrid Orbitals - sp and sp²
19.15: Sigma and Pi Bonds
19.16: Chemical Bond
19.17: Covalent Bond
19.18: Molecular Compounds
19.19: Energy and Covalent Bond Formation
19.20: Lewis Electron-Dot Structures
19.21: Single Covalent Bonds
19.22: Multiple Covalent Bonds
19.23: Bond Polarity
19.24: Polar Molecules

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