10.9: Summary
- Page ID
- 78405
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Overview of Mirrors and Lenses
Table 10.9.1: Summary of properties of mirrors and lenses
| Optical Device | focal point description | focal length sign | image location and type | image distance sign | orientation | magnification |
| Concave mirror and converging lens | real focal point: in front of the mirror and both sides of the lens |
f>0 |
if o>f: a real image front of the mirror or on the other side of the lens compared to the object if o<f: a virtual images behind the mirror or on the same side of the lens as the object |
if o>f, then i>0
if o<f, then i<0 |
if o>f, the image is inverted, M<0
if o<f, the image is upright, M>0 |
if f<o<2f, the image is magnified, |M|>1 if o>2f, the image is de-magnified, |M|<1
if o<f, the image is magnified, |M|>1 |
| Convex mirror and diverging lens | virtual focal point: behind the mirror and both sides of the lens |
f<0 |
virtual image behind the mirror or on the same side of the lens as the object for all object distances | i<0 for all o's | the image is upright, M>0 for all o's | all images are de-magnified, |M|<1 |
Ray Tracing
Concave mirror: object further(closer) than focal point:
- Principle ray #1: incoming ray parallel to the optical axis will reflect through the focal point.
- Principle ray #2: incoming ray that goes through (away from) the focal point will reflect parallel to the optical axis.
- Principle ray #3: incoming rays that goes through (away from) the center of curvature will reflect straight back.
Conex Mirror:
- Principle ray #1: incoming ray parallel to the optical axis will reflect away from the focal point.
- Principle ray #2: incoming ray moving toward the focal point will reflect parallel to the optical axis.
- Principle ray #3: incoming ray moving toward center of curvature will reflect straight back.
Converging Lens: object further(closer) than focal point:
- Principle ray #1: incoming ray parallel to the optical axis will refract through the far focal point.
- Principle ray #2: incoming ray that goes through (away from) the near focal point will refract parallel to the optical axis.
- Principle ray #3: incoming ray that goes through the center of curvature will follow a straight path as it goes through the lens.
Diverging Lens:
- Principle ray #1: incoming ray parallel to the optical axis will refract away from the near focal point.
- Principle ray #2: incoming ray that goes toward the far focal point will refract parallel to the optical axis.
- Principle ray #3: incoming ray that goes through the center of curvature will follow a straight path as it goes through the lens.