Index
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A • B • C • D • E • F • G • H • I • J • K • L • M • N • O • P • Q • R • S • T • U • V • W • Y • Z
Absolute Zero
absoluteMagnitude
absorption line spectrum
accessible
accretion disk
accretiondisk
ActionReactionLaw
active
active galaxies
activegalacticnuclei
adaptive optics
affordablelearningSolutions
afterglow
age of the Universe
age of Universe
agriculture
air burst
Alpha Centauri
alternate theories
alternativeTheories
American Heritage Dictionary
Anaxagoras
ancient
ancient civilizations
ancient Greece
ancient traditions
ancientcivilizations
Andromeda Galaxy
AndromedaGalaxy
angular resolution
Angular Sizes
Annie Jump Cannon
anniejumpcannon
Apollo11
Apophis
apparent brightness
artistic maps
asterism
asteroid belt
asteroids
6.1: Our Solar System
6.4: The Nebular Theory - Other Important Evidence
7.4: Craters
7.12: Martian Moons
8.3: Rings
9.1: Trans-Neptunian objects, the Kuiper Belt, and the Oort Cloud
9.4: Minor Bodies
9.5: Asteroids
9.6: Brightest Asteroids Visible from Earth
9.7: Asteroid Classification
9.8: Meteoroids, Meteors, and Meteorites
9.18: The Centaurs- Are they Asteroids or Comets?
astronauts
Astronomers
astronomical
astronomical bodies
astronomical class
astronomical discoveries
astronomical distance
astronomical distances
astronomical events
astronomical objects
astronomical observations
astronomical phenomena
astronomical research
astronomical techniques
astrophotography
astrophysics
6.7: The Discovery of Extrasolar Planets
6.12: Extrasolar Planets
9.1: Trans-Neptunian objects, the Kuiper Belt, and the Oort Cloud
9.2: The Oort Cloud and Kuiper Belt
10.1: What do you think?
10.3: Our Star, the Sun
11.1: Module Introduction
11.2: Variable Stars
11.4: Cataclysmic Variables
11.6: Consider this…
11.15: Stellar and Celestial Object Brightness
11.18: Planispheres
11.19: Star Colors
12.4: Stellar Evolution
12.6: White Dwarf
12.9: Nova, Novae, and Supernova
12.12: Neutron Star and Companion Star Scenario
13.2: Galaxies
13.7: Elliptical Galaxies
13.8: Spiral Galaxies
13.11: Quasar-stellar Objects
14.8: X-Ray and Gamma-Ray of the Milky Way Galaxy
15.8: Issues with the Big Bang
atmosphere
atmospheric activity
atmospheric phenomena
atypical stars
background stars
baily's beads
BarredSpiral
Battle of Hastings
beliefs
Betelgeuse
Big Bang Theory
Big Dipper
BigBang
BigBangEvents
BigCrunch
binary neutron stars
binary star
Binary Stars
binoculars
biology
black dwarfs
black hole
bright
brightness
brightness outburst
brightness variations
brown dwarf
Buddhism
calendars
CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology
Callisto
Canis Major
carbon
carbon dioxide
carbon fusion
carbon sphere
cartographers
cataclysmic
cataclysmic variables
ccsy3.0
celebration
celestial bodies
celestial cartography
celestial events
celestial mechanics
celestial objects
celestial observations
Celestial Sphere
celestialobjects
Celsius
Centaurus A
centralbulge
Cepheid variables
Cepheids
Cepheidvariables
chain reaction
Characteristics
charged particles
Charon
charts
Chelyabinsk
Chichén Itzá
children
Chinese astronomy
Christian
Christian Huygens
chromosphere
circumstellar
civilization
clear skies
clouds
Clyde Tombaugh
cold dark matter
ColdDarkMatter
collaboration
colorTemperature
comet appearances
comet discovery
comet nucleus
comet observation
comet observations
comet orbits
comet tail
comets
6.1: Our Solar System
6.4: The Nebular Theory - Other Important Evidence
7.4: Craters
9.2: The Oort Cloud and Kuiper Belt
9.3: What do you think?
9.4: Minor Bodies
9.9: Meteorites
9.11: Comets
9.12: Comet Characteristics
9.14: Comets in History
9.15: Scientific Advances
9.18: The Centaurs- Are they Asteroids or Comets?
community
companion stars
comparative planetology
comparing planets
computersimulation
concave mirror
constellation
contemporary exploration
continuous spectrum
Controversy
convection
convectionzones
convective zone
Copernican model
CopernicanRevolution
Copernicus
core collapse
Coronal Mass Ejections
cosmic microwave background
cosmic observations
cosmic rays
CosmicDust
CosmicExpansion
cosmicexploration
CosmicMicrowaveBackground
CosmicVelocity
cosmogony
CosmologicalRedshift
cosmology
14.6: The Milky Way Galaxy’s Shape
15: Cosmology
15.1: What do you think?
15.2: In the beginning…
15.3: Physical Cosmology
15.4: The Big Bang in Eras
15.7: Recent Data on the Universe
15.8: Issues with the Big Bang
15.9: Beyond the Big Bang
15.13: Views on Creation
cosmos
crater sizes
craters
creation
crescent
critical density
cyanogen gas
cycle
Daoism
dark matter
dataCollection
deep sky objects
Deimos
Democritus
dense
density
dependence
diagram
diamond ring
digital camera
directions
discovery
diskshaped
distance
distance from sun
DistanceVelocity
diurnalmotion
divination
DopplerEffect
DrGeoffMarcy
Dunn Solar Telescope
dust and gas
dust storms
dwarf galaxies
dwarf planet
DwarfPlanet
Dysnomia
early Universe
Earth
2.5: The Wanderers
2.6: Claudius Ptolemy
2.7: Astronomy and Astrology
3.1: Motions of Objects
3.2: Our Night Sky
3.4: Seasons and Seasonal Changes
3.5: The Moon in our Skies
6.10: The Circumstellar Habitable Zone
7.1: What do you think?
7.7: Planet Earth
7.8: Earth’s Moon
7.9: Planet Mars
7.13: Characteristics of the Solar System’s Rocky Planets
9.8: Meteoroids, Meteors, and Meteorites
10.1: What do you think?
10.11: NASA’s Heliophysics Science Division
11.10: Stellar Distances
11.12: How Close are the Close-by Stars?
15.10: What is Next for the Big Bang Theory?
Earth maps
Earth orbit
Earth Position
earth's moon
eclipse cycles
Eclipsing Binary Star
Ecliptic
Edmund Halley
EdwinHubble
Einstein
electric power grid
electromagnetic
electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic spectrum
ElectromagneticForce
ElectromagneticForces
electromagneticSpectrum
elements
elliptical
elliptical galaxies
elliptical orbits
ellipticalgalaxies
emission line spectrum
Encarta Dictionary
Enceladus
Endeavour
energy
energy bursts
energy output
energy release
energy transport
environmental
epicycles
equatorial
erosion
European Southern Observatory
event horizon
events
evolution
evolutionary behavior
exoplanets
ExpandingUniverse
expansion
exploration
explosions
extrasolarplanets
extraterrestrial
extremophiles
faculae
fate of the universe
FermiTelescope
film camera
fireball
Flagstaff
flares
Florida State College
Florida State College at Jacksonville
Fritz Zwicky
full moon
FundamentalForces
funding
fusion
fusion process
galactic distance
galactic distance indicator
galactic types
GalacticCenter
Galaxies
1.2: Basic Objects in the Universe
12.14: Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs)
13: Galaxies
13.1: What do you think?
13.3: The History of Studying Galaxies
13.4: Hubble’s Major Contributions
13.6: Classification of Galaxies
13.7: Elliptical Galaxies
13.8: Spiral Galaxies
13.9: Irregular Galaxies
13.13: Galaxies, Distance, and Age
13.15: Galactic Groups
15.3: Physical Cosmology
15.4: The Big Bang in Eras
Galaxy
galaxy evolution
galaxy formation
galaxy groups
galaxy research
galaxyclassification
galaxycollision
galaxytypes
Galilean Satellites
Galilei
Galileo
Galileo Galilei
gamma rays
Ganymede
gas giant
gas giant planets
Gas Giants
gasdustdiscs
gasgiants
General Theory of Relativity
geysers
Giant Impact Theory
gibbous
Giotto
Giovanni Cassini
Giovanni Schiaparelli
Gliese 229B
Gliese 581
global climate
globular clusters
Goldilocks
GrandUnificationTheory
granulation
graphPlotting
gravitational
gravitational binding
gravitational influence
gravitational lensing
GravitationalEffects
GravitationalForce
gravitationalforces
gravitationally bound
Great Dark Spot
Great Red Spot
Greek
habitable zone
Hades
Halley’s Comet
Halley's Comet
HarlowShapley
Harvard University
heavens
Heber Curtis
Heliocentric Solar System
Heliophysics
heliosphere
Helium
HertzsprungRussell
HertzsprungRussellDiagram
high pressure
Hinduism
Hipparchus
historical
historical records
history
history of cartography
historyofscience
Hoag’s Object
hostgalaxy
HRDiagram
Hubble
Hubble Constant
Hubble Galactic Tuning Fork
Hubble Sequence
Hubble Space Telescope
Hubble's Law
HubbleGalacticTuningFork
HubbleLaw
HubblesLaw
HubbleSpaceTelescope
Hydrogen
hypothesis
Ice Giant
icyBodies
image viewing
ImmanuelKant
Impact Craters
impact hazard
incandescent
Inflation
infrared
InfraredObserving
infraredRadiation
instruments
interactive
intergalactic gas
interstellar cloud
interstellar medium
InterstellarMedium
introduction
invention
Inverse Square Law
iron
iron meteorites
irregular
irregular galaxies
Isaac Newton
IsaacNewton
Islamic contributions
isotopes
Johannes Kepler
jovian planets
JovianPlanets
July2009
Jupiter
3.1: Motions of Objects
5.3: Telescopic Observations
6.12: Extrasolar Planets
8: The Gas Giant Planets
8.1: What do you think?
8.2: Gas Giant Planets
8.4: Planet Jupiter
8.5: Jupiter’s Satellites
8.11: Gas Giant Planets and Select Satellites Overviews
9.5: Asteroids
9.7: Asteroid Classification
9.11: Comets
9.17: A Comet Impacts a Planet
Kepler's Law
Kuiper Belt Objects
LargeMagellanicCloud
latitude
Law of Universal Gravitation
LawsOfMotion
LED lamps
Lemaître
lenticularspiral
LibreTexts
life
light
light bending
light measurement
lightning
Lipperhey
Little Dipper
Local Group
LocalGroup
longitude
longPeriodComets
Lowell Observatory
lowmassstars
lullabies
luminosity
luminousobjects
lunar calendars
lunar eclipse
lunar meteorites
lunar phases
magnetic field
magnification
Main Asteroid Belt
mars
Martian canals
Martian meteorites
mass
massive objects
massive stars
mathematical prediction
Mathematics
matter composition
matter transfer
Mayan observatory
measurements
Mercury
Messier Objects
meteor shower
meteorite recovery
meteorites
microlensing
microprocessor
Mike Reynolds
MikeBrown
Milky Way
Milky Way Galaxy
MilkyWay
MilkyWayGalaxy
minor bodies
minor planets
misconception
misconceptions
mnemonics
module introduction
molecules
Moon
moons
5.3: Telescopic Observations
7.3: Rocky Planets
7.5: Planet Mercury
7.12: Martian Moons
8.2: Gas Giant Planets
8.5: Jupiter’s Satellites
8.8: Saturn’s Satellites
8.9: Planet Uranus
8.10: Planet Neptune
9.1: Trans-Neptunian objects, the Kuiper Belt, and the Oort Cloud
MtWilsonObservatory
multiple star systems
N
NASA
5.10: Hubble Space Telescope
6.6: Systems and Extrasolar Planets
6.8: The Kepler Mission
7.1: What do you think?
7.5: Planet Mercury
7.6: Planet Venus
7.10: Snow on Mars
7.12: Martian Moons
8.4: Planet Jupiter
8.6: Planet Saturn
8.7: Saturn’s Rings
8.8: Saturn’s Satellites
8.10: Planet Neptune
9.6: Brightest Asteroids Visible from Earth
9.13: Images of Comets
9.17: A Comet Impacts a Planet
9.19: Pluto
10: The Sun
10.11: NASA’s Heliophysics Science Division
12.8: White Dwarfs and Neighbors
13.1: What do you think?
13.9: Irregular Galaxies
National Solar Observatory
Nebulae
nebular theory
nebulartheory
NeilDeGrasseTyson
Neptune
neutron stars
neutrons
New Testament
Newton
nickel
night lighting
night sky
normality
north
nuclear fusion
Nucleosynthesis
nursery
OBAFGKM
observation
observatory
OER
old stars
Old Testament
Oort Cloud
Oort Cloud Objects
OortCloud
open clusters
optical
Optical Doubles
optical types
optics
orbit
orbital motion
orbital velocity
orbiting star
organic material
OscillatingUniverse
outerSpace
parabolic orbits
parallax
partial eclipse
ParticlePhysics
particles
penumbral eclipse
phenomena
philosophical cosmology
philosophy
Phobos
Phoebe
Phoenix Mars Lander
photographic comparison
photometer
photosphere
photosphereTemperature
physical characteristics
physical cosmology
physicalcosmologists
Physics
planet
planet characteristics
planet earth
planet mars
planet mercury
planet overview
planet venus
planetary formation
planetary motion
planetary nebula
planetary science
planetformation
planets
2.6: Claudius Ptolemy
2.7: Astronomy and Astrology
3.3: The Sun and the Moon
6.1: Our Solar System
6.4: The Nebular Theory - Other Important Evidence
6.8: The Kepler Mission
7.1: What do you think?
8.2: Gas Giant Planets
8.11: Gas Giant Planets and Select Satellites Overviews
10.11: NASA’s Heliophysics Science Division
14.8: X-Ray and Gamma-Ray of the Milky Way Galaxy
PlanetX
plasma
plate tectonics
Pleiades
Pogson
polar caps
polar hexagon
Polaris
political issues
Polynesian navigation
possible
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids
powerful
precession
pressure
prominences
protogalactic clouds
proton
protonprotoncycle
protoplanetary disk
protoplanetarydisk
Proxima Centauri
Ptolemaic
public domain
publicdomain
pulsars
pulsating radio star
pulsating variables
pulsation period
QuantumCosmology
QuasiSteadyState
radiative zone
radio galaxies
radio telescope
radio waves
radioactive
RadioAstronomy
rays
recent data
red dwarf star
Red Planet
redgiantstar
redshift
reflecting
Reflecting Telescope
ReflectingTelescope
reflection
refraction
religion
religious
Research
resolution
retrograde motion
revolution
revolution length
ringed planet
Rochelimit
rocky core
rocky planets
RockyPlanets
Roman mythology
royalty
Sagittarius A*
satellite galaxies
Satellites
Saturn
scientific evidence
scientific method
scientific mind
scientific principles
scientific revelation
scientificDebate
ScientificResearch
scientifictheory
secondary star
Seyfert galaxies
shapeandsize
shooting stars
Sidereus Nuncius
Sir Isaac Newton
Sir William Herschel
skepticism
SmallMagellanicCloud
snow on mars
sodium vapor lamps
soerfm
solar
solar activity
solar eclipse
solar filter
solar images
solar observation
solar output
solar storms
Solar System
1.2: Basic Objects in the Universe
1.3: Scale of the Cosmos
2.5: The Wanderers
2.6: Claudius Ptolemy
2.10: Observations of the Heavens- Galileo
6.1: Our Solar System
6.2: The Nebular Theory
6.3: What is a Planet?
6.4: The Nebular Theory - Other Important Evidence
6.6: Systems and Extrasolar Planets
6.12: Extrasolar Planets
7: The Rocky Planets
7.1: What do you think?
7.2: Comparing Planets
7.4: Craters
7.5: Planet Mercury
7.9: Planet Mars
8.1: What do you think?
8.4: Planet Jupiter
8.5: Jupiter’s Satellites
8.8: Saturn’s Satellites
8.9: Planet Uranus
8.11: Gas Giant Planets and Select Satellites Overviews
9.1: Trans-Neptunian objects, the Kuiper Belt, and the Oort Cloud
9.4: Minor Bodies
9.5: Asteroids
9.7: Asteroid Classification
9.9: Meteorites
9.12: Comet Characteristics
9.16: Halley’s Comet
9.19: Pluto
10.3: Our Star, the Sun
11.9: Distances to the Stars and other Celestial Objects
11.11: Everything is Moving
solar system formation
solar wind
SolarSystem
solid surfaces
solutions
south
space
5.7: Space-Based Telescopes
5.9: Space-based Telescope
6.7: The Discovery of Extrasolar Planets
6.8: The Kepler Mission
7.5: Planet Mercury
7.8: Earth’s Moon
7.12: Martian Moons
8.11: Gas Giant Planets and Select Satellites Overviews
9.8: Meteoroids, Meteors, and Meteorites
9.18: The Centaurs- Are they Asteroids or Comets?
12.14: Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs)
14.5: Galileo Galilei, First to See the Milky Way Galaxy
14.8: X-Ray and Gamma-Ray of the Milky Way Galaxy
14.9: Earth’s Position within the Milky Way Galaxy
14.10: A Spinning Spiral
15.8: Issues with the Big Bang
15.10: What is Next for the Big Bang Theory?
space debris
space exploration
spacecraft
spaceobservations
spaceShuttle
spectral classes
spectral type
spectral types
spectroscopy
speed of light
speedoflight
SpeedOfSound
spiral
spiral galaxies
spiralarms
spiralgalaxies
SpiralGalaxy
spiralgalleries
spirituality
standard candle
star
star cartography
star characteristics
star death
star maps
star names
star position
star study
star systems
Starburst galaxies
starcounts
stars
1.2: Basic Objects in the Universe
1.4: The Constellations
1.5: Other Patterns
3.2: Our Night Sky
6.8: The Kepler Mission
10.9: The Dark Side of the Sun
11: Stellar Properties
11.5: Star Clusters
11.7: The Unknown in Astronomy
11.9: Distances to the Stars and other Celestial Objects
11.12: How Close are the Close-by Stars?
11.15: Stellar and Celestial Object Brightness
11.16: Magnitude System
11.19: Star Colors
11.20: Spectral Type
11.23: The Four Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Stellar Groups
11.24: Types of Star Systems and Stars
12.1: Star Life
12.3: Stellar Mass
13.2: Galaxies
14.2: The Milky Way — Our Home Galaxy
14.4: Milky Way Galaxy Research
14.5: Galileo Galilei, First to See the Milky Way Galaxy
14.8: X-Ray and Gamma-Ray of the Milky Way Galaxy
14.9: Earth’s Position within the Milky Way Galaxy
15.3: Physical Cosmology
steady stars
SteadyState
stellar
stellar birth
stellar birth weight
stellar characteristics
stellar color
stellar core
stellar distances
stellar evolution
stellar examples
stellar fuel
stellar mass
stellar nurseries
stellar parallax
stellar size
stellar structures
stellar systems
stellarevolution
stellarformation
stellarLuminosity
stellarTemperature
StephenColbert
stony meteorites
storms
street lighting
StringTheory
strong lensing
StrongForce
StrongForces
studying sun
subgiantstar
sulfuric acid
Sumerians
Sun
2.6: Claudius Ptolemy
2.7: Astronomy and Astrology
3: Motions of the Moon, Sun, and Stars
3.1: Motions of Objects
3.3: The Sun and the Moon
3.4: Seasons and Seasonal Changes
6.1: Our Solar System
7.7: Planet Earth
10: The Sun
10.1: What do you think?
10.3: Our Star, the Sun
10.4: How the Sun Works
10.5: A “Quick Guide” to Solar Fusion—The Proton-Proton Cycle
10.6: Solar Regions
10.8: Studying the Sun
10.9: The Dark Side of the Sun
11.10: Stellar Distances
11.11: Everything is Moving
11.12: How Close are the Close-by Stars?
11.16: Magnitude System
12.5: Low-Mass Stars
Sun comparison
sunspots
superclusters
supermassive black hole
supermassiveBlackHole
supermassiveblackholes
supernova
support structure
surface temperature
surface type
T
technology
tectonic activity
telescope
5: Telescope and Observing
5.1: The Telescope
5.2: Early Telescopes
5.4: Telescope Optical Types
5.5: Telescope Mounts
5.6: Images from the Telescope
5.7: Space-Based Telescopes
5.9: Space-based Telescope
5.10: Hubble Space Telescope
6.8: The Kepler Mission
10.3: Our Star, the Sun
10.10: The National Solar Observatory
14.5: Galileo Galilei, First to See the Milky Way Galaxy
temperature
temperature range
terrestrial planets
testing
textbooks
theology
theory
thermal energy
thermonuclear fusion
ThomasWright
thunderstorms
tidalforces
timekeeping
TiredLight
total eclipse
totality
transit
transiting planets
transneptunian
transneptunianobjects
trigonometry
Trojan Asteroids
Tunguska
Twin QSO
type 1a supernova
ultraviolet
ultraviolet energy
ultravioletRadiation
UniversalGravitation
UniverseDevelopment
unsolvedproblems
uranography
Uranus
Ursa Major
Ursa Minor
variable star
variable stars
Vega 1
venus
Virgo Supercluster
VirgoSupercluster
visibility
visible light
vision
Visual Binary
volcanic activity
volcanically active
volcanism
Volcanoes
volume
wanderer
water
water ices
wavelength
wavelengths
WeakForce
WeakForces
White Dwarf
WhiteDwarf
Wien's Law
wildlife
Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe
William Herschel
WilliamHerschel
worship